Besides the progress that has been made in developing internal combustion engines (ICE) and vehicle design and technology in general, legislation is the most crucial driver for the development of automotive catalysts and catalytic system layouts.
All over the world, emission limits for most applications of internal combustion engines are in place. Legislation exists for the following types of engines and vehicle types. New legislative steps are also being prepared for many of them regularly:
Gasoline and Diesel-powered passenger cars and light-duty vehicles (LDV)
Heavy-duty engines for trucks and buses (HDD)
Propulsion engines for recreational craft
Combustion heaters for motor vehicles and their trailers
Engines for "Non-Road Mobile Machinery" (NRMM).
Worldwide legislation covers both, regulated pollutants and the emission of greenhouse gases (especially CO2).
Another set of legislation affecting the catalyst business is related to the fuel quality. It contains, for example:
Directives on the quality of fuels used in different engines in the market
Limits of the sulfur content
Provisions for blending gasoline with (bio)ethanol
Specifications for Fatty Acid Methyl Esters, commonly known as biodiesel
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